Here are some recommendations the aim 1996 (aeronautical information =
manual section 7-5-7) gives:
It is recommended that pilots encountering an ash cloud should =
immediately reduce thrust to idle(altitude permitting), and reverse =
course in order to escape from the cloud. Ash clouds may extend for =
hundreds of miles and pilots should not attempt to fly through or climb =
out of the cloud. In addition, the following procedures are recommended:
1-disengage the autothrottle if engaged. This will prevent the =
autothrottle from increasing engine thrust;
2-turn on continuos ignition;
3-turn all accessory airbleeds including all air conditions packs, =
nacelles, and wing anti-ice. This will provide an additional engine =
stall margin by reducing engine pressure.
The following has been reported by flightcrews who have experienced =
encounters with volcanic dust clouds:
1-smoke or dust appearing in the cockpit;
2-an acid odor similar to electrical smoke;
3-multiple engine malfunctions, such as compressor stalls, increasing =
EGT, torching from tailpipe, and flameouts;
4-at night, St. Elmo's fire or other static discharges accompanied by a =
bright orange glow in the engine inlets;
5-a fire warning in the forward cargo area.
It may become necessary to shut down and then restart engines to prevent =
exceeding EGT limits. Volcanic ash may block the pitot system and result =
in unreliable airspeed indications.
When landing at airports where volcanic ash has been deposited on the =
runway be aware that even a thin layer of dry ash can be detrimental to =
braking action. Wet ash on the runway may also reduce effectiveness of =
braking. It is recommended that reverse thrust be limited to minimum =
practical to reduce the possibility of reduced visibility and engine =
ingestion of airborne ash.
When departing from airports where volcanic ash has been deposited it is =
recommended that pilots avoid operating in visible airborne ash. Allow =
ash to settle before initiating takeoff roll. It is recommended that =
flap extension be delayed until initiating the before takeoff checklist =
and that a rolling takeoff be executed to avoid blowing ash back into =
the air.
I hope this will help you a little bit. Valerie
-----Original Message-----
From: David R. Heath [SMTP:heath_at_trinidad.net]
Sent: Tuesday, October 14, 1997 8:37 PM
To: crm-devel_at_db.erau.edu
Subject: Vulcanicity
I know this is not CRM, and I apologise. Unfortunately, the volcano on
Montserrat in the Caribbean is very active. As most of our flights pass
very near this volcano I need some information. I would like to =
introduce
some in depth ground school on the effects of volcano activity on =
aviation
and pilot procedures. Can anyone help and direct me to an appropriate =
URL
site or source of info? Does NASA have anything on this?
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