The rationale for such an approach came from some theoretical work we have
been doing at DCIEM over the last 10 years. It started with an interest in
what operator workload is, how to describe it and how to measure it. I would
now argue that operator workload is really due to time pressure and that
workload management is actually time management. Add to this concepts from
Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) and you have a powerful theoretical framework
for explaining both individual and group behaviours. PCT emphasizes the
critical role played by the individual's mental model (could substitute SA
here without loosing too much) and the importance of individual expertise in
determining the timeliness of goal achievement. It argues for a skill based
approach to CRM, which after all is what training is generally all about.
Modification of crew's attitudes is difficult at best and the vote is still
out on the success of this approach in modifying behaviour. At least some
sources have found that good attitudes do not correlate well with good
behaviours.
Keith Hendy
--------------------------------------
Date: 10/4/96 17:12
To: Keith Hendy
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Subject: CRM Metric (CRM Shift)
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-----snip----------
Oh, that we could develop as exacting, finite, and objective measure for CRM,
as we have for checkrides and writtens. Which, of course, brings us to the
questions: What and how are we going to measure? What are the criteria for
success? The answer to the first is directly related to the "underpinnings"
of CRM. The latter is related to the use one chooses for the information
gleaned from the measures.
If, in fact, CRM training is about behavior modification, then the answers
lie in the realm of the psychologist. If CRM is the aquistion of certain
skills, then their presence or absence should be fairly easy to determine. I
know that my instructors and facilitators are confident of their abilities to
evaluate good and less than good CRM in crew performance. Maybe our research
should use their inputs as well as that from others who routinely evaluate
aircrew performance. If , as I suspect CRM is a function of both, then
experts from both houses should have valid inputs.
-------snip-------
Dave Wilson
HTI