Back in the 70's I believe Boeing did alot of work, particularly in the
simulator, regarding night visual, or "Black Hole" approaches. I'm sure if
you contact them, they'd be glad to send you a copy of their report. That
report stemmed from several accidents--I believe two occurred during night
visual approaches to Pensacola and Tokyo Bay. That research was also the
source of part of a CRM Recurrent course at FedEx a few years ago. There
might be a few leftover copies of the course guide, if you're interested.
Mike Sasse
FedEx CRM Office