Re: Group Think

AAdamski_at_aol.com
Mon, 8 Feb 1999 09:28:30 EST


Hello Tim:
Regrading the phenomenon of "group think," James Reason in a text on human
error explains that all the well-known errors stemming from the limitations of
an individual and of a large organization can be greatly enhanced by group
processes that produce shared miscalculations (Reason, J. 1987. Collective
planning and its failures in New Technology and Human Error edited by J.
Rasmussen, K. Duncan and J. Lepat. New York: John Wiley & Sons).

The groupthink syndrome is characterized by eight main symptoms:
(1) an illusion of invulnerability creating extreme optimisim and the
willingness to take excessive risks; (2) collective efforts to rationalize
away warnings; (3) an unswerving belief in the rightness of the group's
intentions; (4) a perception that any opposition is either too evil to
negotiate with or too stupid to counter planned actions; (5) the exertion of
direct pressure on any member that deviates from the collective sterotypes,
illusions, or committments; (6) self-censureship of any doubts fely by
membership; (7) a shared illusion of unanimty and the assumption that silence
means consent; and (8) the immergence of self-appointed mind guards who
perceive their duty to protect the group from any contrary signs or adverse
infromation.

Reason ends this chapter by stating " The powerful forces of perceived
togetherness act in concert to render the possibility of failure unthinkable -
- and if not unthinkable, then certainly unspeakable" (p. 124).

I would suggest that the eight points and the quote provide food for thought
for all CRMers!

Regards,
Tony A.