There is nearly universal agreement that CRM programs must be tailored to
organizational and/or national culture. There is also nearly universal
agreement on a philosophical level that the ultimate objective of CRM is to
create safer operations.
Somewhere on the continuum between our common philosophical goal of
improved safety and our culturally unique flight deck operations there is a
point where the cultural specifics built into CRM programs diverge.
Questions:
1. Since we all begin at the same philosophical starting point, is there
some identifiable divergence point in the development process where CRM
programs are developed differently to accommodate cultural requirements?
If so, does this culturally specific divergence happen at the philosophical
level or at the operational methods level?
2. Are there differences in the basic CRM skill requirements between
cultures?
.. or ..
3. Are there differences in the operational methods used to teach and
implement the a consistent set of CRM skills regardless of culture?
I have attached a list below of CRM skills that is currently used by a
portion of the U.S. Air Force. I would appreciate any comments from our
international friends on how this list would need to be changed (if at all)
to be appropriate for your organizational or national culture. The
responses might help us answer the 3 questions listed above.
Best Regards,
Vince Mancuso
***************************
CRM SKILLS LIST
Mission Planning
1. Clearly defined the mission overview
2 Provided specific information on what needed to be done.
3. Clearly defined mission goals
4. Solicited feedback to check understanding of mission requirements
5. Thoroughly critiqued plans to identify potential problems areas
6. Checked understanding of possible contingencies
Situational Awareness
7. Recognized need for action
8. Aware of performance of self and other flight members
9. Aware of on-going mission status
10. Recognized, verbalized and acted on unexpected events
Crew Coordination/Flight Integrity
11. Provided direction/information when needed
12. Adapted to meet new situational demands
13. Focused attention on the task
14. Knew assigned tasks of other crewmembers
15. Asked for inputs
16. Made positive statements to motivate flight members
Communication
18. Used precise, standard terminology
19. Acknowledged all communications
20. Asked for/provided clarification when necessary
21. Stated opinions/ideas
22. Asked question when uncertain
23. Advocated specific courses of action
24. Did not let rank differences affect mission safety
Risk Management/Decision Making
17. Identified contingencies and alternatives
18. Gathered and cross checked all available data before deciding
19. Investigated doubts and concerns of other flight members
20. Clearly stated decisions and got acknowledgment
21. Provided rationale for decisions
Task Management
21. Correctly prioritized multiple tasks
22. Used available resources to manage workload
23. Asked for assistance when Overloaded
24. Clearly stated problems and proposed solutions
25. Accepted better ideas when offered
26. Used facts to come up with solution
Debriefing
25. Provided positive and negative feedback
26. Provided specific, objective, non-threatening feedback
27. Provided feedback on team and individual performance
28. Provided specific ways to correct errors
29. Asked for reactions/inputs from others
30. Recapped key points/compared mission results with objectives